Energy

We can live on this world thanks for energy from the sun. The energy gets to earth as light and heat, they are essential for lives on earth and they also have earth alive. What I want to say, atmosphere or water on earth can circulate thanks for this energy. Could you imagine how it is? The origin of the energy is thermonuclear fusion reaction of hydrogen.

The energy is so gigantic that just 1g of hydrogen makes energy as 20t of coal burns when it changes into helium with fusion of nuclear. In nuclear of sun, about 4.3 million tons of mass changes to energy of 3.8×10²⁶J a second. This amount in the other word, the sun makes energy about enough amounts for every world to spend in 20 billion years every second! You did understand how powerful the sun is.

But a sorry thing that we could use actually is less than only 2.6×10^-10% of it at the best.

This score is that if we could change all of the sun energy to those which we can use. Such a system is called “Perpetual motion”, which could change an energy form to other one perfectly, and it mustn`t exist because against the natural law (a law of thermodynamics).

The amount of energy from sun to earth is 174PW/h (P= peta, it indicates 10¹⁵. W=watt, it is 1 J/s.). Interfered with cloud or atmosphere, the amount decreases by the half amount and we can use 1PT/h. The energy has been used in various ways, as like light, growing plants, heater, making electricity. It`s true the most of energy we can use is from sun. An easy example in making electricity is using sun light or sun heat, but using power of wind, water, sea wave, even though fuel are also from sun. Wind and sea wave occur as atmosphere is moved by or water gets high position for sun heat, identity of fuel is the ancient lives grown by sun light, all of them was originally the sun. On the other hand, using the power of atom (atomic energy) or heat from earth (geothermal energy) is part of energy not from sun (however, atomic energy is like making another sun by our hand).

Do you know how we change sun light to electricity? This process needs semiconductors like silicon. In silicon solar battery, ready the n type and p type silicon, the n type electrify to minus, the p type electrify to plus when they are exposed in sun light, then appear the gap of voltage and currency occur. Most of solar battery for a house is this silicon type which is able to change 10~20% of solar power to electricity.

The amount of making electricity relies on latitude, season, temperature, the angle of building. An ideal environment for solar panel is many amount of sun light (under the equator, vertical to sun.) and low temperature as possible (a silicon effectively works)

Now you know the power of the sun. It can be said that sun made the all of our world and we surely not be able to live longer than the sun. :)

Life in space

It is so severe environment in space. Cosmic rays, the hard gap of temperature, airless field, zero gravity, are some of cause of it. The main material of cosmic rays is proton, which has very high energy to fly alone. I`ll think about the effect of all of them to us, the lives on earth.

Cosmic rays are the high energetic radiation. It includes the atomic nucleus of iron, boron, beryllium, lithium, helium (what is said alpha particle, a having high kinetic energy helium4), and mainly protons. Generally it is said a particle needs so high energy to exist alone. On the other hand, nuclear reaction happens when the nucleuses collide and the event needs high kinetic energy because nucleuses repel each other due to electric power. So, if organic lives are exposed on cosmic rays, the cells cannot help but changing to abnormal, changing to cancer.

Airless field cause not only choking but also decompression sickness. Usually the compression of inner and outer is balanced in every static existence, but suddenly one becomes weaker or stronger, if inner became, inner is crushed or swells to balance with outer compression again. If outer, revers event happen. Airless field has no compression, so you might think our body swells and bombs when we are in space, but it is said our body don`t but are taken into decompression sickness. Our blood include atmosphere most of which is nitrogen, and abruptly removed the compression around it, the nitrogen become gas and stuff narrow pipes for cycling our blood to our body. For this, our body will go off when we are in space.

The hard gap of temperature is caused by airless field. Temperature is the motion or kinetic energy of air particles in other words. You might aware of that temperature doesn`t exist because space has no air. Yes, it`s alright. The energy of sun or other fixed stars come as a light and heat energy, but can`t remain in one point, only going. Our earth keeps the air around by force of gravity. The air is given energy and don’t go away so our planet keep this comfort temperature. In space, the energy doesn’t stay around and comes directory. But, however high or low temperature becomes, our body won`t burn or freeze because space has no material. The oxygen is needed to burn, any carrier is needed to take heat away. Therefore, we wouldn`t die immediately if we were put in space, and we would die from choking rather than the effect of temperature. According to really happening, a space clue had got to space without space wear and was helped after 15seconds. The fellow took artificial breath and he barely kept his spirit in this world. It`s said if he had been in space more than 5seconds, the result was different.

Zero gravity field effect on our body and the shape of plants. Plants control the direction of root and leaves by gravity. the effects we would get are the disorder of body fluid, bones and muscles. Usually fluid gather to the lower half of the body, but come to higher. Bones and muscles are trained by gravity but it become weaker.

              Space is so severe, but it`s wonderful ability to get along with around environment! See you.

Forces

Today, I & you think about the forces of gravity, universal gravitation, repulsion and electromagnetism, and you must wonder why these occur in this world.

             

              The gravity is sometimes seen as same as the universal gravitation, especially in cosmology. The difference of these is the number of counting forces. While the universal gravitation is only attraction, the gravity is additional force of attraction and centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is caused by rotation of the Earth, but what does cause the attraction? The answer is unknown. Even current research cannot clear the cause, but attraction exists on this universe. We should take this fact as very normal.

Electromagnetism is to see electricity and magnetism as same phenomena in logical view. Only this force has been made sure to have both attraction and repulsion. Electricity and also magnetism have two poles, positive and negative. ( it may be called S and N pole for magnetism. ) The same poles cause a repulsion and different poles cause an attraction each other. In electricity, the two poles exist each alone, to charge only positive is possible, only negative is possible. The more gap between positive and negative, the stronger electricity occurs. However, the two pole couldn`t exist alone in magnetism. Its pole must make pair if we separate it however smaller. If we would like to strengthen the magnetism, for a material originally have its full strength of magnetism, so find or make a better material for magnetism. Or, a better idea, the strength of magnetic field is relative to the strength of electric current, so make strong electric current. Electricity make magnetic field occur with following the law of “A right hand screw law” and magnet make electricity occur with following the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. These are connected by natural law and its forces are brought by photon, which is called carrier.

 

The carrier exists for each 4 forces. The graviton (some people don`t acknowledge the existence of it.) is for gravity, the photon is for electromagnetism, the weak boson is for weak interaction, and the gluon is for strong interaction.

That is said that the forces separate into 4 types, the universal gravitation, the electromagnetism, the weak interaction and the strong interaction. The two of former do force to infinite distance and the electromagnetism stronger than another. The electromagnetism has both of attraction and repulsion, but another has only attraction (or maybe we cannot find repulsion of that.). The other forces do force very short range, and strong one stronger than weak one as you can guess. The stronger order is strong one > electromagnetism > weak one > gravity.

The study to get these 4 forces into 1 force is one of the hottest topic, and I think to clear where are the attraction and the repulsion from is the key of the study, don`t you think so? The string theory is said nearest the answer, but it`s so difficult to understand for me yet, so only I can is imagine such answers, and it`s interesting. Let`s imagine like that with me! See you